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- FAQ
-
- You have an accelerator in your Amiga, but you want yet more
- speed? It's not all plain sailing...
-
-
- Q. I have an accelerator card for my Amiga. Can I make it go
- faster?
-
- A. Probably... first of all, make sure you have some 32 bit
- RAM added. This is RAM which the card's processor can use
- directly and it works much, much faster than memory on the
- Amiga. For example, fitting an 030 card to an A1200 will be
- a waste of time unless you get memory for it at the same
- time. If you do a lot of image rendering, get a Floating
- Point Unit as well.
-
-
-
- Q. How do I add memory?
-
- A. Normally the memory is in the form of SIMMs (Single
- Inline Memory Modules) which clip into place. The card will
- have either one or two SIMM sockets on it -- which is a good
- reason to get the largest SIMM you can to start with, so you
- don't have to throw the old one away.
-
-
-
-
- Q. Don't some SIMMS cause problems with the PCMCIA port?
-
- A. The Amiga A1200's PCMCIA port is mapped in memory to the
- same location that some accelerator cards would place their
- second bank of 4Mb -- this can cause problems). You can
- check where your memory is with the showconfig command at a
- Shell. Memory starting at $2000000 will be a problem, memory
- starting at $1f000000 will be fine. When buying an expansion
- card ASK in advance if it clashes with the PCMCIA port, or
- you might have problems if you want to add a CD-ROM drive or
- external hard drive (internal hard drives will be
- uneffected).
-
-
-
-
- Q. What speed of SIMM do I need?
-
- A. SIMMs are rated by speed in terms of nanoseconds (1e-9 of
- a second), and common speeds are 80ns, 70ns and 60ns. The
- smaller the number, the faster the SIMM is at providing
- access. Depending on the speed of your accelerator card, you
- may need SIMMs rated at certain speeds -- this can depend on
- the make of the card, the SIMM and the weather. However, a
- good rule of thumb is:
-
- Speed of accelerator card Speed of memory
-
- 25 - 28 MHz 80ns, 70ns, 60ns
- 33 MHz 70ns, 60ns
- 40+ MHz 60ns
-
- As you can see, it is possible to use faster memory in
- slower cards (for example, 60ns memory with a 25MHz card).
- Some cards allow you to put slower memory in faster cards
- (for example, 80ns in a 40MHz card) by setting a jumper, but
- there is a speed penalty.
-
-
- Q. How can I tell the speed on my SIMMs?
-
- A. There will be a number on the SIMM ending in -6 or -7 or
- -8, or possibly -60, -70 or -80 corresponding to the speed
- in tens of nanoseconds (-7 and -70 will be the same thing --
- 70ns).
-
-
-
- Q. Can I speed up my accelerator by making it run faster?
-
- A. Every CPU needs a clock signal, and every accelerator
- with a CPU on board (for example, a 68030-based card for the
- A1200) will use a clock circuit to provide a contant "tick".
- The clock is the component that determines the speed of the
- processor the 33MHz or 50MHz -- where "MHz" stands for
- "Megahertz" and is a measure of the number of clock cycles
- per second. For example, 50MHz is fifty million "ticks" a
- second. Quite a lot, huh?
-
- The clock circuit needs to be accurate, and so it depends on
- a quartz cystal. The crystal is packaged into a little
- oscillator chip (about a 1cm square with four legs) which is
- usually silver or black. There will be a speed rating on the
- oscillator, such as "50.000" for 50MHz.
-
- Sometimes it is possible to replace the oscillator with a
- faster rated one to get more speed, however there are
- problems.
-
-
- Q. Oh yeah? Like what? I heard all the chip were the same
- and they just printed whatever speed they wanted on them.
-
- A. For a start, the accelerator card itself might not be
- able to run at 50MHz even though it worked at 33MHz -- this
- has nothing to do with the CPU used, but crosstalk and line
- effects on the PCB itself. Most manufacturers design their
- boards so they do work at different speeds because then they
- can sell different models. However, the RAM might not run
- fast enough as we discussed.
-
- However, there are big problems associated with running a
- CPU faster than it was designed for -- in other words,
- running a 25MHz 68030 at 33MHz might not work properly.
- You'll hear a lot of discussion about this on the Nets, and
- there are plenty of loudmouths around who will happily claim
- to be running a 16MHz 68020 at 100MHz. Think carefully
- before you try "clocking" (running a chip too fast).
-
- * Run a chip rated at 25MHz at 40MHz and it will probably
- not work -- i.e. the Amiga will not boot or crash within
- seconds.
-
- * The physics of electronics tells us that if you run a chip
- faster, it gets hotter. The hotter it gets, the shorter it's
- lifespan. 40MHz chips can hopefully cope with heat better
- than 25MHz chips. Also, in an A1200 there is no room for a
- heatsink: a piece of metal which clips to the top of the
- chip to take heat away. 68040 chips get so hot than a
- minature fan is needed to keep them cool, but 68060s all use
- 3.3volts instead of 5volts and therefore run cooler -- which
- is why you'll see 060 cards for the A1200 rather than 040
- ones.
-
- * If the chip gets too hot it may start making errors or
- even start to slow down.
-
- * If the chip is not rated for a speed it may be because it
- failed certain tests at the manufacturing stage. You don't
- have the extremely expensive test gear needed to confirm the
- speed -- what if your computer crashes whilst writing an
- important file to disk.
-
-
- Only you can decide if the risks inherent in running a chip
- faster than it's rated limit are worth the trouble. If you
- are lucky, nothing will happen and your 28MHz system will
- run at 33MHz for years. If you are unlucky, the CPU will
- break and you will be without a computer until you get it
- replaced -- you cannot repair a CPU.
-
-
-
- Q. Can I swap CPUs?
-
- A. No -- the Motorola family are not pin-for-pin compatible.
- You can't connect a 68030 to the socket of a 68020, or a
- 68040 to a 68030. For example, if you have a Amiga 4000 with
- a 68030 CPU you will need to replace the entire processor
- board -- with a WarpEngine or CyberStorm perhaps. The 68060
- is slightly different, and was designed to fit into a 68040
- socket by means of a small adaptor card -- theoretically
- making it possible to use a 68060 in a WarpEngine or other
- 68040 card.
-
-
-
- -- end --